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igf2  (R&D Systems)


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    R&D Systems igf2
    Igf2, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 69 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/igf2/Recombinant+Human+IGF-II%2FIGF2+Protein%2C+CF/us12606639-1424-14-15
    Average 93 stars, based on 69 article reviews
    igf2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11
    93/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: CytoSignal Detects Locations and Dynamics of Ligand-Receptor Signaling at Cellular Resolution from Spatial Transcriptomic Data
    Article Snippet: Samples were embedded in an OCT compound (Tissue-Tek, Sakura) and cryosectioned at 14 μm using a cryostat (Leica CM1860) and adhered to positively charged glass slides (Fisherbrand ColorFrost Plus). .. Sections were postfixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature, treated with 0.1% TritonX-100 for 10 min at RT for permeabilization, blocked with Duolink® blocking solution(DUO82007) at 37 °C for 1 h, and incubated with each antibodies for FGF8(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, Invitrogen, PA5-47598) and FGFR1(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Abcam, ab59194), or for OSTP(Goat polyclonal, 1:200 R&D system, AF808) and CD44(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Proteintech,15675-1-AP), or for IGF2 (Goat polyclonal antibody, 1:200, R&D systems, AF792) and MPRI (Rabbit polyclonal antibody, 1:200, Abcam, ab124767), for DLL1(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Abcam, ab10554) and NOTCH1(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, R&D system, AF1057) or for EFNA3(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Proteintech, 12480-1-AP) and EPHA5(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, R&D system, AF3037) or each negative control (using only receptor antibodies for primary antibodies) overnight at 4°C. ..

    Incubation:

    Article Title: CytoSignal Detects Locations and Dynamics of Ligand-Receptor Signaling at Cellular Resolution from Spatial Transcriptomic Data
    Article Snippet: Samples were embedded in an OCT compound (Tissue-Tek, Sakura) and cryosectioned at 14 μm using a cryostat (Leica CM1860) and adhered to positively charged glass slides (Fisherbrand ColorFrost Plus). .. Sections were postfixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature, treated with 0.1% TritonX-100 for 10 min at RT for permeabilization, blocked with Duolink® blocking solution(DUO82007) at 37 °C for 1 h, and incubated with each antibodies for FGF8(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, Invitrogen, PA5-47598) and FGFR1(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Abcam, ab59194), or for OSTP(Goat polyclonal, 1:200 R&D system, AF808) and CD44(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Proteintech,15675-1-AP), or for IGF2 (Goat polyclonal antibody, 1:200, R&D systems, AF792) and MPRI (Rabbit polyclonal antibody, 1:200, Abcam, ab124767), for DLL1(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Abcam, ab10554) and NOTCH1(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, R&D system, AF1057) or for EFNA3(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Proteintech, 12480-1-AP) and EPHA5(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, R&D system, AF3037) or each negative control (using only receptor antibodies for primary antibodies) overnight at 4°C. ..

    Article Title: Autocrine insulin-like growth factor 2 signaling as a potential target in the associated development of pulmonary emphysema and cancer in smokers
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies: Pdpn (1:500) (hamster, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA, USA), SPC (1:200) (rabbit, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), MPO (1:100) (rabbit, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), F4/80 (1:100) (rat, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), CD4 (1:200) (rabbit, Abcam), CD8 (1:200) (rat, Abcam), Muc1 (1:500) (hamster, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), IGF2 (1:100) (goat, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), IGF2 (1:100) (goat, R&D Systems), pIGF-1R/IR (Y1135/36, rabbit, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and Ki67 (1:200) (rabbit, Abcam). .. Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500) (Thermo Fisher Scientific or Abcam) were incubated for 1 h at room temperature.

    Article Title: TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation.
    Article Snippet: .. To induce differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with control siRNA or siRNA against TMED10 were incubated with DMEM containing 2% horse serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in the presence or absence of 100 ng/mL purified IGF2 (R&D Systems, Catalog number: 792- MG) for 3 d. Then, the cells were analyzed by immunoblot or immunofluorescence. ..

    Negative Control:

    Article Title: CytoSignal Detects Locations and Dynamics of Ligand-Receptor Signaling at Cellular Resolution from Spatial Transcriptomic Data
    Article Snippet: Samples were embedded in an OCT compound (Tissue-Tek, Sakura) and cryosectioned at 14 μm using a cryostat (Leica CM1860) and adhered to positively charged glass slides (Fisherbrand ColorFrost Plus). .. Sections were postfixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature, treated with 0.1% TritonX-100 for 10 min at RT for permeabilization, blocked with Duolink® blocking solution(DUO82007) at 37 °C for 1 h, and incubated with each antibodies for FGF8(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, Invitrogen, PA5-47598) and FGFR1(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Abcam, ab59194), or for OSTP(Goat polyclonal, 1:200 R&D system, AF808) and CD44(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Proteintech,15675-1-AP), or for IGF2 (Goat polyclonal antibody, 1:200, R&D systems, AF792) and MPRI (Rabbit polyclonal antibody, 1:200, Abcam, ab124767), for DLL1(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Abcam, ab10554) and NOTCH1(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, R&D system, AF1057) or for EFNA3(Rabbit polyclonal, 1:200, Proteintech, 12480-1-AP) and EPHA5(Goat polyclonal, 1:200, R&D system, AF3037) or each negative control (using only receptor antibodies for primary antibodies) overnight at 4°C. ..

    Cell-Signaling:

    Article Title: Autocrine insulin-like growth factor 2 signaling as a potential target in the associated development of pulmonary emphysema and cancer in smokers
    Article Snippet: .. Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies: Pdpn (1:500) (hamster, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA, USA), SPC (1:200) (rabbit, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), MPO (1:100) (rabbit, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), F4/80 (1:100) (rat, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA), CD4 (1:200) (rabbit, Abcam), CD8 (1:200) (rat, Abcam), Muc1 (1:500) (hamster, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), IGF2 (1:100) (goat, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), IGF2 (1:100) (goat, R&D Systems), pIGF-1R/IR (Y1135/36, rabbit, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and Ki67 (1:200) (rabbit, Abcam). .. Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500) (Thermo Fisher Scientific or Abcam) were incubated for 1 h at room temperature.

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: Circulating Adipocytokines and Insulin Like-Growth Factors and Their Modulation in Obesity-Associated Endometrial Cancer
    Article Snippet: .. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed at room temperature, as per the manufacturer’s instructions; Adiponectin (#DY1065), Leptin (#DY398), IGF1 (#DY291), IGF2 (#DY292), IL6 (#DY206), TNFα (#DY210)—all from R&D Systems, NE Minneapolis, MN, USA. ..

    Article Title: Sperm IGF2 protein levels: implications for early embryo development
    Article Snippet: .. Sample aliquots were stored at -20°C for assessment of mature IGF2 via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Human IGF-II/IGF2 Immunoassay, Quantikine® ELISA, DG200, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), following the manufacturer’s instructions. ..

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Antigen binding proteins
    Article Snippet: .. Detection of cleavage events was performed via Western Blot analysis as follows: IGFBP-2 and IGF2 (R&D Systems #292-G2), all at concentrations of 100 nM, were pre-incubated for 1 hour at 37° C. PAPPA at 200 nM, and varying concentrations of TPP12744 were also pre-incubated for 30 minutes at 37° C. The concentrations of TPP12744 tested were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 20, 40, and 60 nM. ..

    Article Title: TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation.
    Article Snippet: .. To induce differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with control siRNA or siRNA against TMED10 were incubated with DMEM containing 2% horse serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in the presence or absence of 100 ng/mL purified IGF2 (R&D Systems, Catalog number: 792- MG) for 3 d. Then, the cells were analyzed by immunoblot or immunofluorescence. ..

    Transfection:

    Article Title: TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation.
    Article Snippet: .. To induce differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with control siRNA or siRNA against TMED10 were incubated with DMEM containing 2% horse serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in the presence or absence of 100 ng/mL purified IGF2 (R&D Systems, Catalog number: 792- MG) for 3 d. Then, the cells were analyzed by immunoblot or immunofluorescence. ..

    Control:

    Article Title: TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation.
    Article Snippet: .. To induce differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with control siRNA or siRNA against TMED10 were incubated with DMEM containing 2% horse serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in the presence or absence of 100 ng/mL purified IGF2 (R&D Systems, Catalog number: 792- MG) for 3 d. Then, the cells were analyzed by immunoblot or immunofluorescence. ..

    Purification:

    Article Title: TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation.
    Article Snippet: .. To induce differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with control siRNA or siRNA against TMED10 were incubated with DMEM containing 2% horse serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in the presence or absence of 100 ng/mL purified IGF2 (R&D Systems, Catalog number: 792- MG) for 3 d. Then, the cells were analyzed by immunoblot or immunofluorescence. ..

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: TMED10 mediates the trafficking of insulin-like growth factor 2 along the secretory pathway for myoblast differentiation.
    Article Snippet: .. To induce differentiation, C2C12 cells transfected with control siRNA or siRNA against TMED10 were incubated with DMEM containing 2% horse serum and 1% penicillin–streptomycin in the presence or absence of 100 ng/mL purified IGF2 (R&D Systems, Catalog number: 792- MG) for 3 d. Then, the cells were analyzed by immunoblot or immunofluorescence. ..

    Activation Assay:

    Article Title: Chryseobacterium indologenes mediates resistance to osimertinib by activating the IGF1R pathway in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma
    Article Snippet: .. To assess whether IGF1R activation mediates resistance in LACs, cells were treated with recombinant human IGF1 (R&D Systems) or IGF2 (R&D Systems) at 0-100 ng/mL for 3 days in the presence or absence of osimertinib. ..

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: Chryseobacterium indologenes mediates resistance to osimertinib by activating the IGF1R pathway in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma
    Article Snippet: .. To assess whether IGF1R activation mediates resistance in LACs, cells were treated with recombinant human IGF1 (R&D Systems) or IGF2 (R&D Systems) at 0-100 ng/mL for 3 days in the presence or absence of osimertinib. ..



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    Image Search Results


    A KEGG pathway analysis of G-heporgs and S-heporgs. B Heatmap showing ligands and receptors in G-heporgs and S-heporgs. C Matched signaling of IGF2 and IGF1R using STRING database. D Expressions of IGF2 and IGF1R were analyzed by RT-qPCR in different organoids. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. E IGF2 secretion from culture medium at different days (day 1 was the first day that observed the generation of G-heporgs). n = 4 biologically independent experiments. F Immunostaining for IGF1R and Ki67. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 25 μm. G Experimental strategy to evaluate the effect of exogenous IGF2 and LY294002 (PI3K-AKT inhibitor) on G-heporgs. H Representative morphologies of G-heporgs after the treatment with or without IGF2 and LY294002 at different days. Scale bar = 100 μm. I Quantification of the formation efficiency ( n = 4 biologically independent experiments) and diameter ( n = 40 organoids) of G-heporgs at day 14 after different treatments. J Immunostaining of ASGPR, HNF4α, ALB, Ecad and Ki67 for G-heporgs treated with IGF2. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 μm. K Western blot assessment for the expression of p-AKT(Thr308), AKT, p-GSK3β(Ser9) and GSK3β in G-heporgs after different treatments. L Schematic illustration of cell-cell interactions between G-heporgs and S-heporgs. Results were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using one‑way ANOVA followed by Tukey post‑test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

    Journal: Cell Death & Disease

    Article Title: Generation of proliferative hESC-derived grape-clustered hepatocyte organoids with multipolar architecture as regenerative counterpart via synergy of YAP and IGF2 pathways

    doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08635-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A KEGG pathway analysis of G-heporgs and S-heporgs. B Heatmap showing ligands and receptors in G-heporgs and S-heporgs. C Matched signaling of IGF2 and IGF1R using STRING database. D Expressions of IGF2 and IGF1R were analyzed by RT-qPCR in different organoids. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. E IGF2 secretion from culture medium at different days (day 1 was the first day that observed the generation of G-heporgs). n = 4 biologically independent experiments. F Immunostaining for IGF1R and Ki67. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 25 μm. G Experimental strategy to evaluate the effect of exogenous IGF2 and LY294002 (PI3K-AKT inhibitor) on G-heporgs. H Representative morphologies of G-heporgs after the treatment with or without IGF2 and LY294002 at different days. Scale bar = 100 μm. I Quantification of the formation efficiency ( n = 4 biologically independent experiments) and diameter ( n = 40 organoids) of G-heporgs at day 14 after different treatments. J Immunostaining of ASGPR, HNF4α, ALB, Ecad and Ki67 for G-heporgs treated with IGF2. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 μm. K Western blot assessment for the expression of p-AKT(Thr308), AKT, p-GSK3β(Ser9) and GSK3β in G-heporgs after different treatments. L Schematic illustration of cell-cell interactions between G-heporgs and S-heporgs. Results were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using one‑way ANOVA followed by Tukey post‑test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: The concentrations of IGF2, IL32, and CCL20 were quantified using a Human IGF2 ELISA kit (Jingmei Biotechnology, JM-0862H2), a Human IL32 ELISA kit (SAB), and a Human CCL20 ELISA kit (Jingmei Biotechnology, JM-5919H2), respectively, according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

    Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunostaining, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing

    A Representative images of G-heporgs after the treatment with YAP agonist (GA017) or inhibitor (Verteporfin) in optimized heporg medium (OHM). B Relative cell number ( n = 4 biologically independent experiments) and organoid diameter ( n = 30 organoids) of G-heporgs at day 5 after the treatment. C Representative morphologies of G-heporgs after the treatment with GA017 at different days. Scale bar = 100 μm. D Immunostaining of Factin and YAP. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 μm. Yellow arrows indicate YAP with nuclear localization, red arrows indicate YAP without nuclear localization. E The quantification of YAP nuclear localization. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. F H&E staining for G-heporgs treated with or without GA017, and the quantification of the percentage of cysts in organoids. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. G Heatmap of G-heporgs treated with or without GA017 for genes related to proliferation, mature and YAP. H GSEA analysis. I The relative fold increment of G-heporgs in the EM with GA017 or IGF2. Each dot represents a passage event. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. Results were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, one‑way ANOVA followed by Tukey post‑test and unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. *** p < 0.001.

    Journal: Cell Death & Disease

    Article Title: Generation of proliferative hESC-derived grape-clustered hepatocyte organoids with multipolar architecture as regenerative counterpart via synergy of YAP and IGF2 pathways

    doi: 10.1038/s41419-026-08635-y

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative images of G-heporgs after the treatment with YAP agonist (GA017) or inhibitor (Verteporfin) in optimized heporg medium (OHM). B Relative cell number ( n = 4 biologically independent experiments) and organoid diameter ( n = 30 organoids) of G-heporgs at day 5 after the treatment. C Representative morphologies of G-heporgs after the treatment with GA017 at different days. Scale bar = 100 μm. D Immunostaining of Factin and YAP. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 μm. Yellow arrows indicate YAP with nuclear localization, red arrows indicate YAP without nuclear localization. E The quantification of YAP nuclear localization. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. F H&E staining for G-heporgs treated with or without GA017, and the quantification of the percentage of cysts in organoids. Scale bar = 100 μm. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. G Heatmap of G-heporgs treated with or without GA017 for genes related to proliferation, mature and YAP. H GSEA analysis. I The relative fold increment of G-heporgs in the EM with GA017 or IGF2. Each dot represents a passage event. n = 4 biologically independent experiments. Results were presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using two‑way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test, one‑way ANOVA followed by Tukey post‑test and unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. *** p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: The concentrations of IGF2, IL32, and CCL20 were quantified using a Human IGF2 ELISA kit (Jingmei Biotechnology, JM-0862H2), a Human IL32 ELISA kit (SAB), and a Human CCL20 ELISA kit (Jingmei Biotechnology, JM-5919H2), respectively, according to the manufacturers’ instructions.

    Techniques: Immunostaining, Staining, Two Tailed Test

    PTN regulates endometrial stromal cell decidualization through the IGF-2 signaling axis. (A) PPI network of PTN, IGF-2, IGFBP1, LIF, PRL, and other decidualization-related genes. (B) The expression levels of PTN and its interacting partners (IGF-2, WNT4, PRL, IGFBP1, and LIF) in the RIF (left) and RPL (right) datasets. (C) Expressions of decidualization-related genes (including IGFBP1 , LIF , PRL , and WNT4 ) in NC or si PTN hESCs after treatment with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2 via RT-qPCR (n = 9). (D) Immunoblotting for PTN, IGFBP1, and PRL expression levels with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2. (E) ELISA for IGF-2 levels with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2. (F) Schematic diagram of the experiments performed using the different treatments of hESCs. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA test. * compared with NC treated with control vehicle, # compared with si PTN treated with control vehicle, $ compared with si PTN treated with control cAMP (NS, no significant difference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ####p < 0.0001, $p < 0.05, $$p < 0.01, $$$p < 0.001, $$$$p< 0.0001). PPI, protein–protein interaction; RIF, recurrent implantation failure; RPL, recurrent pregnancy loss; hESCs, human endometrial stromal cells; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: PTN/IGF-2 signaling modulates endometrial decidualization and immune cell trafficking to facilitate pregnancy maintenance

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1790942

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PTN regulates endometrial stromal cell decidualization through the IGF-2 signaling axis. (A) PPI network of PTN, IGF-2, IGFBP1, LIF, PRL, and other decidualization-related genes. (B) The expression levels of PTN and its interacting partners (IGF-2, WNT4, PRL, IGFBP1, and LIF) in the RIF (left) and RPL (right) datasets. (C) Expressions of decidualization-related genes (including IGFBP1 , LIF , PRL , and WNT4 ) in NC or si PTN hESCs after treatment with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2 via RT-qPCR (n = 9). (D) Immunoblotting for PTN, IGFBP1, and PRL expression levels with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2. (E) ELISA for IGF-2 levels with control vehicle, cAMP, and IGF-2. (F) Schematic diagram of the experiments performed using the different treatments of hESCs. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA test. * compared with NC treated with control vehicle, # compared with si PTN treated with control vehicle, $ compared with si PTN treated with control cAMP (NS, no significant difference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ####p < 0.0001, $p < 0.05, $$p < 0.01, $$$p < 0.001, $$$$p< 0.0001). PPI, protein–protein interaction; RIF, recurrent implantation failure; RPL, recurrent pregnancy loss; hESCs, human endometrial stromal cells; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

    Article Snippet: The remaining cells were digested with trypsin and inoculated into a new culture dish, and they were treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 292-G2) for 48 h and then collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

    Techniques: Expressing, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

    IGF-2 promotes decidualization and rescues decidualization defects caused by PTN deficiency. (A) Schematic diagram of the experiments performed using the different treatments of ESCs isolated from endometrium of RIF and RPL patients. (B, C) RT-qPCR analysis of levels of decidualization-related genes in ESCs isolated from endometrium of RIF (B) and RPL (C) patients after IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) treatment for 48 h (n = 9). (D) The flowchart depicts the steps involved in establishing a mouse model of intrauterine perfusion with siRNA-mediated knockdown of PTN and then supplemented with IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) through tail vein injection. (E) Expression of PTN after Ptn knockdown and supplemented with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) in the mouse endometrium, measured by immunofluorescence, and quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence was performed (n = 6). (F) RT-qPCR analysis of levels of decidualization-related genes after Ptn knockdown and supplemented with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) in the mouse endometrium (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA test. * compared with NC treated with control vehicle, # compared with si PTN treated with control vehicle (NS, no significant difference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p< 0.0001, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001). ESCs, endometrial stromal cells; PPI, protein–protein interaction; RIF, recurrent implantation failure.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: PTN/IGF-2 signaling modulates endometrial decidualization and immune cell trafficking to facilitate pregnancy maintenance

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1790942

    Figure Lengend Snippet: IGF-2 promotes decidualization and rescues decidualization defects caused by PTN deficiency. (A) Schematic diagram of the experiments performed using the different treatments of ESCs isolated from endometrium of RIF and RPL patients. (B, C) RT-qPCR analysis of levels of decidualization-related genes in ESCs isolated from endometrium of RIF (B) and RPL (C) patients after IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) treatment for 48 h (n = 9). (D) The flowchart depicts the steps involved in establishing a mouse model of intrauterine perfusion with siRNA-mediated knockdown of PTN and then supplemented with IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) through tail vein injection. (E) Expression of PTN after Ptn knockdown and supplemented with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) in the mouse endometrium, measured by immunofluorescence, and quantitative analysis of immunofluorescence was performed (n = 6). (F) RT-qPCR analysis of levels of decidualization-related genes after Ptn knockdown and supplemented with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) in the mouse endometrium (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using t-test or one-way ANOVA test. * compared with NC treated with control vehicle, # compared with si PTN treated with control vehicle (NS, no significant difference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p< 0.0001, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001). ESCs, endometrial stromal cells; PPI, protein–protein interaction; RIF, recurrent implantation failure.

    Article Snippet: The remaining cells were digested with trypsin and inoculated into a new culture dish, and they were treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 292-G2) for 48 h and then collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

    Techniques: Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Knockdown, Injection, Expressing, Control, Immunofluorescence

    PTN deficiency induces endometrial immune imbalance and leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, which can be partially reversed by IGF-2. (A) PPI network of PTN, IGF-2, CXCR4, CD4, CD8, CD56, and other immunoregulators. (B, C) Flow cytometry analysis (B) and statistical quantification (C) of cell populations of NK cells and T cells, and the expression levels of CD16, CXCR4, and GZMB in NK cell form the endometrial tissues of NC and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) (n = 6). (D) The flowchart depicts the steps involved in establishing a mouse model of intrauterine perfusion with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Ptn and then supplemented with IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) through tail vein injection for 2 days; then, these female mice were mated with fertile male mice; analysis of fertility, including pregnancy rate, IF, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). were performed at gestational day 13.5. (E) Representative images of uteri from pregnant mice in the NC and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) at gestational day 13.5 (n = 6) (arrow shows the absorption site). (F) Pregnancy rate (%) in NC and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) (n = 15). (G) Quantification of embryo numbers (left) and absorption rate (right) per mouse in NC (n = 13) and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle (n = 6) or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) (n = 11) at gestational day 13.5. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using one-way ANOVA test or χ 2 test. * Compared with NC treated with control vehicle, # compared with si PTN treated with control vehicle (NS, no significant difference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001). IF, immunofluorescence.

    Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

    Article Title: PTN/IGF-2 signaling modulates endometrial decidualization and immune cell trafficking to facilitate pregnancy maintenance

    doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1790942

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PTN deficiency induces endometrial immune imbalance and leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, which can be partially reversed by IGF-2. (A) PPI network of PTN, IGF-2, CXCR4, CD4, CD8, CD56, and other immunoregulators. (B, C) Flow cytometry analysis (B) and statistical quantification (C) of cell populations of NK cells and T cells, and the expression levels of CD16, CXCR4, and GZMB in NK cell form the endometrial tissues of NC and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) (n = 6). (D) The flowchart depicts the steps involved in establishing a mouse model of intrauterine perfusion with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Ptn and then supplemented with IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) through tail vein injection for 2 days; then, these female mice were mated with fertile male mice; analysis of fertility, including pregnancy rate, IF, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). were performed at gestational day 13.5. (E) Representative images of uteri from pregnant mice in the NC and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) at gestational day 13.5 (n = 6) (arrow shows the absorption site). (F) Pregnancy rate (%) in NC and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) (n = 15). (G) Quantification of embryo numbers (left) and absorption rate (right) per mouse in NC (n = 13) and si PTN mice treated with control vehicle (n = 6) or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL) (n = 11) at gestational day 13.5. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and analyzed using one-way ANOVA test or χ 2 test. * Compared with NC treated with control vehicle, # compared with si PTN treated with control vehicle (NS, no significant difference; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001). IF, immunofluorescence.

    Article Snippet: The remaining cells were digested with trypsin and inoculated into a new culture dish, and they were treated with control vehicle or IGF-2 (50 ng/mL, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 292-G2) for 48 h and then collected for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

    Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Control, Knockdown, Injection, Fluorescence, FACS, Immunofluorescence